Optional Practical Training (OPT) is an essential program for international students studying in the U.S. on an F-1 visa. OPT allows students to gain hands-on work experience in their field of study while legally staying in the U.S. after completing their academic program. This article explores the basics of OPT, the types of OPT available, and how to apply for this valuable opportunity.
OPT stands for Optional Practical Training. The work authorization program allows F-1 visa students to work in the U.S. in a job related to their major field of study. OPT can be used before or after graduation and offers a pathway for students to gain real-world experience in their industry.
Eligibility for OPT:
To be eligible for OPT, international students must:
- Be an F-1 visa holder.
- Have completed one full academic year (two semesters) in a full-time degree program in the U.S.
- Plan to work in a job directly related to their field of study.
- Only have completed up to 12 months of full-time Curricular Practical Training (CPT) during their program.
How to Apply for OPT?
The application process for OPT involves several key steps:
- Request OPT Recommendation: Students must first request a recommendation for OPT from their Designated School Official (DSO). The DSO will update the student’s Form I-20 to reflect the recommendation for OPT.
- File Form I-765: After receiving the DSO recommendation, students must file Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization, with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The application can be filed online or by mail, and a filing fee must be paid.
- The filing fee for paper filing is $520.
- The filing fee for online filing is $470.
- Wait for Approval: Once the application is filed, students must wait for approval from USCIS. The average processing time can take 2-5 months, so applying early is essential. After approval, students will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD), which allows them to begin working.
- Employment Authorization Document (EAD): The EAD card proves that the student is authorized to work in the U.S. for the duration of their OPT.
When to Apply?
The timing of an OPT application is crucial. Students should apply 90 days before they complete their degree or no later than 60 days after they complete their program.
It’s important to note that USCIS processing times can vary, so early application is highly recommended.
OPT Employment Requirements:
During the OPT period, students must meet specific employment conditions to maintain their status:
- The job must be related to the student’s field of study.
- For Post-Completion OPT, students must not be unemployed for more than 90 days.
- Students must work at least 20 hours per week in a paid or unpaid position.
- All employers must be reported to the DSO and SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System).
Travel During OPT:
Students who plan to travel outside the U.S. while on OPT must have:
- A valid F-1 visa.
- A valid EAD card.
- A letter from their employer confirming employment or an employment offer if they have not started working.
Travel during OPT is allowed, but it’s essential to ensure all documents are to avoid complications when re-entering the U.S.
Benefits of OPT
- Gain Practical Experience: OPT allows international students to apply their academic knowledge in real-world professional environments.
- Potential Path to H-1B: Many students use OPT as a stepping stone toward an H-1B work visa, which allows for longer-term employment in the U.S.
- STEM Extension: The additional 24 months of work for STEM graduates can provide significant career experience and increase the chances of securing H-1B sponsorship.
- Networking Opportunities: OPT provides a valuable opportunity to build professional connections in the U.S. and establish a career path post-graduation.
Conclusion
OPT is an invaluable opportunity for international students in the U.S. to gain work experience in their field of study while maintaining their F-1 visa status. Whether through Post-Completion OPT or the STEM OPT extension, students can enhance their resumes, develop their skills, and increase their chances of long-term employment in the U.S.
If you need assistance with the OPT application process or want more information about eligibility and employment requirements, contact our immigration experts at the Law Office of Dharmik Barot. We are here to guide you through every step of the OPT journey.